The validity of statements in the discourse (Habermas)

Habermas makes distinction between three areas of reality, which each demand their own type of statements, their own criterion, form of language and (part of) the discourse.

Type of discourse >

a

b

c

d

(Empiric-) theoretical discourse

Practical discourse

Therapeutic discourse

Conditions for each type of discourse

Criterion

Truth or effectiveness of

Correctness of

Authenticity of

Comprehensibility of

Type of statements

descriptive statements

normative statements

expressive statements

explicative statements

Language form

in the 3^th person:
proposition,
constativa

in the 2^nd person:
appeal,
reguativa

in de 1^th person: expression,
expressiva

in all persons,
especially
explicativa

Concerning which area of reality or in which perspective

concerning the state of affairs in the objecteve world.

concerning the acceptability of acts in the social world.

concerning the inner, thus subjective world.

concerning one of the three areas.

To make distinction between

Reality and  appearance.

To be or to ought to be.

Essence and appearance

True and false shared comprehension

Test of validity

Congruency between statement and observance.

Consensus about rational argumentation.

Consistency of words en deeds.

Fineness of symbolic expressions

Attitude demanded

Objectifying attitude

Normative attitude

Expressive attitude

Communicative attitude, willingness to reach shared comprehension.

Classic ideal

The truth

The good

The beauty

Eloquence